“The fool says in his heart, ‘There is no God.'”
Psalm 14:1a
What is honor? Is it a life lived to the fullest, in glory and victory? Is it self-sacrifice, the willingness to lay down one’s life for a loved one? Is it an unwavering commitment to a code or creed? Or is it an oath fulfilled, a promise kept at great cost?
The 2021 movie “The Green Knight” poses this question to us. The culture of aesthetic religion and chivalry in which the film is set leads only to hollow rites and customs, while the void of oblivion the director loves to ponder is a dead end. Further, the mind wanders. Surely there’s something more to it. What is honor?
The film depicts the Roman Catholic tradition familiar to the Arthurian legend as empty and ritualistic. The first words we hear are “Christ is born” out of the mouth of a prostitute. “Christ is born indeed,” Gawain says as he pulls on his shirt and makes his way home. Soon we see a more powerful force in this world. Gawain’s mother, a witch, performs a ritual summoning the Green Knight. You probably know the rest. A challenge is offered, a head falls, and yet the knight rises again, keen on returning the blow in a year’s time according to his terms.
As Gawain wrestles with his fate, he does not heed his lover’s call. He pays no mind to God, devil, or men. He fears only the Green Knight, a symbol of the slow decay that envelops us all—nature’s relentless march against the endless toil of life. Is the knight really there waiting, counting away the hours? King Arthur spurns Gawain on, telling him he must complete the game. “And if death awaits me?” Gawain asks. King Arthur answers, “I do not know of any man who has not marched up to great death before his time.”
Gawain becomes convinced that honor is to answer the knight’s challenge. This is his chance for greatness. He leaves behind his life of revelry and romance to pursue something higher—legend.
As Gawain prepares for his journey, we again see the contrast between religion and paganism. A priest is seen chanting over the shield Gawain will carry with him. At the same time, witches recite a protective spell over his girdle. The queen pronounces a blessing. “May the blessed virgin keep your five fingers strong, your five senses sharp. May her five joys inspire you, the five wounds of the Son give you fervor, and the five virtues of a knight light your way. Keep thy covenant, young Gawain.” His mother has something else to say: “Do not waste this.” The blessing proves useless. The advice is ignored.
The shield, emblazoned with the image of the virgin Mary, is smashed to bits by filthy scavengers. The girdle is cut off and stolen along with the axe given him by the Green Knight. But only one of these items is truly lost. Gawain sets a wayward spirit to rest, granting him the axe yet again. The lady of a house he stumbles upon trades his purity for the girdle. But the shield is left to rot. God is forgotten, cast aside. There is no creator, no lord of this world. There is only death, only wild magic, only the lust of the flesh.
“I have seen everything that is done under the sun, and behold, all is vanity and a striving after wind. What is crooked cannot be made straight, and what is lacking cannot be counted.”
Ecclesiastes 1:14-15
The lord of house complements the grim dogma of postmodernism: “This house is full of strange things. But then again, I see things everywhere that bear no logic.” The film solidifies its disdain for subtlety when the lady of the house gives Gawain a parting message.
“When you go, your footprints will fill with grass. Moss shall cover your tombstone, and as the sun rises, green shall spread over all, in all its shades and hues. This verdigris will overtake your swords and your coins and your battlements and, try as you might, all you hold dear will succumb to it. Your skin, your bones. Your virtue.”
The Lady of the House
As Gawain sets off on the last day of his journey, the words of the lady ring in his ears. Try as he might, he will not escape the inevitability of death, of the green that overtakes everything in time. This is what he fears most of all. But perhaps honor is still within reach. As he approaches the green chapel, a fox warns him, telling him to abandon his quest. The fox’s voice morphs into that of his lover, begging him to return home. But he continues on.
When he finally comes to the Green Knight, Gawain asks one question: “Is this really all there is?” The answer: “What else ought there be?” And at last, as he prepares to die, Gawain ponders what his life might be like if the girdle protected him and he survived this quest. He would return to reign as king himself, taking whom he pleased to be his queen, seeing victory in conquest, enjoying the glory of his long life, and yet… if he should ever remove the girdle, he worries his head will fall and he will succumb to the death he deserves. He dare not live in fear. He dare not live without honor. As the knight raises his axe to the sky, Gawain asks him to wait. He casts aside the girdle and lowers his head. The Green Knight commends him, “Well done, my brave knight. Now, off with your head.”
This is a film about a man who comes to terms with his fear of death. While it bears some similarities to the original poem, there are several important distinctions. The first is God’s absence. It’s clear the director sees religion as purely aesthetic to this story. He pays lip service to it and quickly casts it aside. In the poem, Gawain is a faithful knight whose prayers assist him in his quest. In the film, Gawain leads a life of immorality and receives no help from any divine source. This leads us to the second distinction, Gawain himself. In the poem, he’s a skilled man of virtue honored by his peers. In the film, he’s a fearful, helpless creature searching for meaning in his frivolous life. The third distinction is perhaps the most significant. The lesson of the poem is one of honesty. Be true to your word and do not wrong your fellow man. Honor is to be virtuous. The lesson of the film is a bitter blend of nihilism and postmodernism. Do not fear death and do not hold closely to life. Honor is to be at peace with one’s self and the absurdity of all that surrounds us.
“The natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned.”
1 Corinthians 2:14
As we ponder these juxtaposed themes, we ought to echo Gawain’s question. Is this really all there is? Nay, dear reader. There is more to life than death, more to quests than swords and shields, and more to pleasure than sex and violence. There is a God, and he is not fazed by pagan chants or restless spirits. He is not found in one’s self, nor in a stoic view of death. He calls us to more than our own ambitions, more than the cold emptiness of the grave. He is the God of life who calls us out of the grave and makes us into a new creation to do his glorious work (Rom 6:23, 2 Cor 5:17). He did not send a malevolent messenger of chaos, but his own Son, Jesus Christ, who takes away the sins of the world through his sacrifice on the cross (Jn 1:29, 3:16). We need not duel him or hang our heads in despair before him. We need only accept him for who he is and follow him (Jn 8:12).
“They are darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, due to their hardness of heart. They have become callous and have given themselves up to sensuality, greedy to practice every kind of impurity. But that is not the way you learned Christ!”
Ephesians 4:18-20
Honor is not found in worldly conquest. Neither is it found in abandoning hope for this life. It can only be found in humble submission to a God worthy of our service and worship. Honor is about embracing our responsibilities by pursuing that which is righteous and good in the eyes of our Lord (Deut 6:18, 2 Cor 8:21).
“Let love be genuine. Abhor what is evil; hold fast to what is good. Love one another with brotherly affection. Outdo one another in showing honor. Do not be slothful in zeal, be fervent in spirit, serve the Lord. Rejoice in hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer.”
Romans 12:9-12
Do not be deceived. God is not mocked, least of all by the pitiful strokes of an aimless artist grasping for man’s affections while feigning modesty.
“The end of the matter; all has been heard. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God will bring every deed into judgment, with every secret thing, whether good or evil.”
Ecclesiastes 12:13-14
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